Estudio de la prevalencia de salmonella spp. y escherichia coli en huevos comerciales para consumo humano en el cantón Ibarra

Abstract

Foodborne diseases (ATE's) are an important problem in public health and their prevalence allows us to know the hygienic-sanitary quality of food. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out, in which 8 outlets were randomly sampled, of which 4 correspond to the so-called sector A (commercial chains) and the other 4 from sector B (wholesale distributors) of commercial egg in the In the city of Ibarra, 10 eggs were randomly chosen per place of sale, thus giving a total of 80 eggs studied. Three samples were taken from each egg: white, yolk and shell; obtaining a total of 240 samples that were divided into two groups, cultures for Salmonella spp., and Escherichia coli., obtaining a total of 480 samples processed for bacterial culture applying the methods of the Ecuadorian Technical Standard INEN 1529-15 and INEN 1529 -8 respectively, for the microbiological control of food. As a result of the microbiological analysis, a total of 18 positive samples were obtained, 10 for Salmonella spp, and 8 for Escherichia coli, with this, the colonies were isolated in nutrient broth to later carry out the DNA extraction. After this stage, the PCR was carried out for the amplification of the 16s rDNA gene, and with it, the RFLP technique was carried out for the detection of polymorphisms. In conclusion, a prevalence of 4.16% and 3.33% was obtained for Salmonella spp, and Escherichia coli; being sector B (wholesale distributors) the one with the highest prevalence, in addition, other bacterial species corresponding to: Pseudomonas sp, Acinetobacter sp, Enterobacter sp. Two serotypes were identified for Salmonella spp: S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium. The identified serotype of the Escherichia coli bacterium was O157: H7.