Síntesis de un composito pollucita/ferrihidrita/hematita: pellets para la adsorción de fosfatos a partir de agua residual sintética
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Abstract
Due to the increase of water eutrophication, it is necessary to develop technologies aimed at the tertiary treatment of wastewater until reaching levels according to the different regulations worldwide. This is how this study presents relevant information on the application of a natural muscovite to obtain a composite that allows reducing the concentration of phosphate in aqueous solutions. In this way it has been possible to obtain a pollucite/ferrihydrite/hematite composite in the form of pellets as the main mineralogical phases. Thus, a wide variety of batch experimental tests were carried out to assess the effectiveness of phosphate adsorption by powdered muscovite (P1M2—Fe—Al) and pollucite/ferrihydrite/hematite composite (pellets). Adsorption took place by physical and chemical adsorption; Additionally, the phosphate fractionation tests allowed corroborating the adsorption mechanisms proposed by electrostatic attraction and by monodentate and bidentate complexation reactions. Furthermore, phosphate adsorption is viable under normal conditions of the treated wastewater, since the adsorbent does not require pH adjustment. The pellet adsorbent presented a relatively slow adsorption, since it seems that intraparticle diffusion is the main mechanism that governs phosphate adsorption. Thus, in two hours of adsorption it was possible to adsorb 50% of phosphate. The powdered adsorbent had a better adsorption compared to the pellets, since with calcination the porosity blocks the access channels for the union of the phosphate with the oxy hydroxide groups of iron and aluminum. The regeneration of the pellets was limited, so the possibility of the final disposal of this adsorbent as a soil improver was evidenced, providing nutrients for plant growth. Thus, the use of the pollucite/ferrihydrite/hematite composite can contribute to solving the problems linked to the high concentrations of nutrients in the treated wastewater and, on the other hand, to the recovery of phosphates that can be added to the soil.
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